Rangkuman CISCO 2018

   OSI Layer Explanation     Physical Layer   This is the simplest layer; related to electrical (and optical) connections between equipment. Binary data is encoded in a form that can be transmitted through network media, for example cables, transceivers and connectors related to the Physical layer. Tools such as repeaters, hubs and network cards are on this layer.   Data-link Layer   This layer is slightly more "intelligent" compared to the physical layer, as it provides more tangible data transfer. As a link between the network medium and the higher-level protocol layer, the data link layer is responsible for the final packet of binary data coming from the higher level to the discrete packet prior to the physical layer. Will send frames (blocks of data) through a network. Ethernet (802.2 & 802.3), Tokenbus (802.4) and Tokenring (802.5) are protocols at the Data-link layer.   Network Layer   The main task of the network layer is to provide a routing functi

Configure a Network Operating System    ( Chapter 2 ) Every computer requires an operating system to function, including computer-based network devices such as switches, routers, access points, and firewalls. These network devices use an operating system called a network operating system. All end devices and network devices require an operating system (OS). As shown in Figure 1, the portion of the OS that interacts directly with computer hardware is known as the kernel. The portion that interfaces with applications and the user is known as the shell. The user can interact with the shell using a command-line interface (CLI) or a graphical user interface (GUI). When using a CLI as shown in Figure 2, the user interacts directly with the system in a text-based environment by entering commands on the keyboard at a command prompt. A GUI interface such as Windows, OS X, Apple iOS, or Android allows the user to interact with the system using an environment of graphical icons, menus, an

Networks Support the Way We Learn   Networks have changed the way we learn. Access to high quality instruction is no longer restricted to students living in proximity to where that instruction is being delivered. Click Play in the figure to view a video about the ways that the classroom has expanded. Some forms of communication include: Texting – Texting enables instant real-time communication between two or more people. Social Media – Social media consists of interactive websites where people and communities create and share user-generated content with friends, family, peers, and the world. Collaboration Tools - Without the constraints of location or time zone, collaboration tools allow individuals to communicate with each other, often across real-time interactive video. The broad distribution of data networks means that people in remote locations can contribute on an equal basis with people in the heart of large population centers. Blogs - Blogs, which is an

Communication Fundamentals     A network can be as complex as devices connected across the Internet, or as simple as two computers directly connected to one another with a single cable, and anything in-between. Networks can vary in size, shape, and function. However, simply having a wired or wireless physical connection between end devices is not enough to enable communication. For communication to occur, devices must know “how” to communicate.   People exchange ideas using many different communication methods. However, regardless of the method chosen, all communication methods have three elements in common. The first of these elements is the message source, or sender. Message sources are people, or electronic devices, that need to send a message to other individuals or devices. The second element of communication is the destination, or receiver, of the message. The destination receives the message and interprets it. A third element, called a channel, consists of the media that prov